Pages

Wednesday, October 27, 2010

Deepavali 2010

Deepavali marks the beginning of the Hindu New Year according to the Lunar Calendar. It literally translated means 'Row of Lights' . It celebrates the victory of goodness over evil, light over darkness, and ushers in the new year. For this event people are cleaning their houses and wear new clothes. Diwali is a 5 days festival as Dhanteras, Choti Diwali, Badi (Main) Diwali, Padwa and Bhaiduj. There are many different names for the days of Diwali in different regions of India and in the different languages spoken in that regions (i.e. Hindi, Urdu, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Bengali). During Deepavali people pray to Lakshmi, Goddess of wealth, light, prosperty and wisdom, but also to God Ganesha, the 'Remover of Obstacles' or the 'Lord of Beginnings'.

Deepavali celebrations take place in many countries in the world. On the first day of the Diwali festival people pray, eating a special breakfast made of many different foods. The Hindu Goddess Lakshmi's statue and images are carried through the streets in processions. There are various legends and stories about the Diwali festival. The story of Bali, Emergence of Laxmi, Krisna Narakasur Fight, Victory of Rama over Ravana and many more. Dipa Lights (also called Diwali Diyas, Kandils, Ghee Lamps, Parvati Ganesha Lamps) that are made of clay, fueled with Oil from Coconuts or Mustard or Ghee (clarified butter), the wick made of cotton wool, are placed outside of houses, on floors and doorways. During Diwali festival doorways are hung with torans of mango leaves and marigolds. Deepavali Mela is being celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, Jains & Buddhists. On the day of Deepavali people exchange gifts, using firecrackers, making fireworks & bonfires, having festive meals. The Indian Festival of Lights takes place after the monsoon season when the weather is pleasant. Diwali Melas (fairs) are held throughout India and the celebrations abroad.

HAPPY DIWALI

Thursday, October 14, 2010

Durga Puja 2010

Durga Puja, also referred to as Durgotsava, is an annual Hindu festival in South Asia that celebrates worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. It refers to all the six days observed as Mahalaya, Shashthi , Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Navami and Bijoya Dashami. The dates of Durga Puja celebrations are set according to the traditional Hindu calendar and the fortnight corresponding to the festival is called Devi Paksha. Devi Paksha is preceded by Mahalaya, the last day of the previous fortnight Pitri Pokkho, and is ended on Kojagori Lokkhi Puja It is a celebration of the Mother Goddess, and the victory of the revered warrior Goddess Durga over the evil buffalo demon Mahishasura.

When is it celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated during the last five days of Navaratri, which is usually in late September/early October each year. In 2010, Durga Puja runs from October 13-17. The dates of the festival are determined according to the lunar calendar.

Where is it Celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated in West Bengal, particularly in the city of Kolkata. It's the biggest and most important occasion of the year there. Bengali communities in other locations across India celebrate Durga Puja as well. Substantial Durga Puja festivities take place in both Mumbai and Delhi.

How is it Celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated in a similar manner to the Ganesh Chaturthi festival. The start of the festival sees huge, elaborately crafted statutes of Goddess Durga installed in homes and beautifully decorated podiums all over the city. At the end of the festival, the statutes are paraded through the streets, accompanied by much music and dancing, and then immersed in the Ganges river.

What Rituals are Performed During Durga Puja:
On the first day of the festival, people welcome the Goddess Durga and perform a special worship to invoke her holy presence into the statues. This ritual is called Pran Pratisthan. Mothers keep a fast for the well being of their children. Prayers are offered to the Goddess every day during the festival. On the second day branches of nine trees are bound together, bathed in water from the Ganges, and worshiped. On the third day, Goddess Durga is worshiped in the form of a small girl. The fourth day concludes the worship, with much food offered to the Goddess. On the last day, the statutes are taken for immersion.

What to Expect During Durga Puja:
The Durga Puja festival is an extremely social and theatrical event. Drama, dance, and cultural performances are widely held. Food is a huge part of the festival, and street stalls blossom all over Kolkata. In the evenings, the streets of Kolkata fill with people, who come to admire the statues of Goddess Durga, eat, and celebrate.

Commonwealth Games 2010 ends

As the sporting action in Delhi wrapped up on Thursday, 14 October 2010, all eyes were on the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, which after playing host to some scorching track-and-field action over the past two weeks, took centrestage for the Delhi 2010 Closing Ceremony. The governor of Delhi handed over the commonwealth flag to the chairman of the next hosting nation, Scotland.

The commonwealth games 2010 proved to be a supergame event fo India. India ranked second in the medal tally with a total of 101. It is almost double of the total medals at the Melbourne games. The gold medals reached to about 38, thus leading to England of 37. The next Commonwealth games will be held at Glasgow.

Country G S B Total
AUS - Australia 74 55 48 177
IND - India 38 27 36 101
ENG - England 37 59 46 142
CAN - Canada 26 17 32 75
RSA - South Africa 12 11 10 33

The XIX Commonwealth games proved to be a history for India. More than 75 commonwealth records were broken at Delhi. As Saina Nehwal wins the gold medal in the Badminton Singles, Sushil Kumar gets the same in Wrestling. India opens first time in Aquatics with Karmakar's Bronze. India loses to Australia in the men's hockey final to win the Silver. Half of the gold medals of India comes from Shooting. India also gets three golds and three bronze in Archery. Wresstling too proves to be a great success with about 10 golds.

In this short period, the billion-plus inhabitants of the 71 Commonwealth nations were privileged to be a part of moments that will forever be etched into our memories.

Saturday, October 2, 2010

Gandhiji - The National Hero

Mohandas Gandhi is considered the father of the Indian independence movement. Gandhi spent twenty years in South Africa working to fight discrimination. It was there that he created his concept of satyagraha, a non-violent way of protesting against injustices. While in India, Gandhi's obvious virtue, simplistic lifestyle, and minimal dress endeared him to the people. He spent his remaining years working diligently to both remove British rule from India as well as to better the lives of India's poorest classes. Many civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., used Gandhi's concept of non-violent protest as a model for their own struggles.

Dates: October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948

Also Known As: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma ("Great Soul"), Father of the Nation, Bapu ("Father"), Gandhiji

Overview
Mohandas Gandhi was the last child of his father (Karamchand Gandhi) and his father's fourth wife (Putlibai).
During his youth, Mohandas Gandhi was shy, soft-spoken, and only a mediocre student at school. Although generally an obedient child, at one point Gandhi experimented with eating meat, smoking, and a small amount of stealing -- all of which he later regretted.

At age 13, Gandhi married Kasturba (also spelled Kasturbai) in an arranged marriage. Kasturba bore Gandhi four sons and supported Gandhi's endeavors until her death in 1944.

Off to London
In September 1888, at age 18, Gandhi left India, without his wife and new-born son, in order to study to become a barrister (lawyer) in London. Attempting to fit into English society, Gandhi spent his first three months in London attempting to make himself into an English gentleman by buying new suits, fine-tuning his English accent, learning French, and taking violin and dance lessons. After three months of these expensive endeavors, Gandhi decided they were a waste of time and money.

Gandhi successfully passed the bar on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India two days later. For the next two years, Gandhi attempted to practice law in India. Unfortunately, Gandhi found that he lacked both knowledge of Indian law and self-confidence at trial. When he was offered a year-long position to take a case in South Africa, he was thankful for the opportunity.

Arriving in South Africa
At age 23, Gandhi once again left his family behind and set off for South Africa, arriving in British-governed Natal in May 1893. Although Gandhi was hoping to earn a little bit of money and to learn more about law, it was in South Africa that Gandhi transformed from a very quiet and shy man to a resilient and potent leader against discrimination. The beginning of this transformation occurred during a business trip taken shortly after his arrival in South Africa. Gandhi decided that he could not let these injustices continue and that he was going to fight to change these discriminatory practices.

Simplified Life
Gandhi moved his newspaper, the Indian Opinion, and its workers to the Phoenix Settlement as well as his own family a bit later. Besides a building for the press, each community member was allotted three acres of land on which to build a dwelling made of corrugated iron.

In 1906, believing that family life was taking away from his full potential as a public advocate, Gandhi took the vow of brahmacharya (a vow of abstinence against sexual relations, even with one's own wife). This was not an easy vow for him to follow, but one that he worked diligently to keep for the rest of his life.

Satyagraha
Needing a new term for the Indian resistance, Gandhi chose the term "satyagraha," which literally means "truth force." The first time Gandhi officially used satyagraha was in South Africa beginning in 1907 when he organized opposition to the Asiatic Registration Law (known as the Black Act). In March 1907, the Black Act was passed, requiring all Indians - young and old, men and women - to get fingerprinted and to keep registration documents on them at all times. While using satyagraha, Indians refused to get fingerprinted and picketed the documentation offices. Mass protests were organized, miners went on strike, and masses of Indians illegally traveled from Natal to the Transvaal in opposition to the Black Act. Many of the protesters were beaten and arrested, including Gandhi. (This was the first of Gandhi's many jail sentences.) It took seven years of protest, but in June 1914, the Black Act was repealed. Gandhi had proved that nonviolent protest could be immensely successful.

Back to India
Having spent twenty years in South Africa helping fight discrimination, Gandhi decided it was time to head back to India in July 1914. Although he was eager to begin reforms in India, a friend advised him to wait a year and spend the time traveling around India to acquaint himself with the people and their tribulations.

Also during this year of observation, Gandhi founded another communal settlement, this time in Ahmadabad and called the Sabarmati Ashram. Gandhi lived on the Ashram for the next sixteen years, along with his family and several members who had once been part of the Phoenix Settlement.

Mahatma
It was during his first year back in India that Gandhi was given the honorary title of Mahatma ("Great Soul"). Many credit Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Literature, for both awarding Gandhi of this name and of publicizing it. The title represented the feelings of the millions of Indian peasants who viewed Gandhi as a holy man. However, Gandhi never liked the title because it seemed to mean he was special while he viewed himself as ordinary. Instead of fighting the British, Gandhi used his influence and satyagraha to change inequities between Indians.

Turning Against the British
Even though Gandhi called off the hartal once he heard about the violence, over 300 Indians had died and over 1,100 were injured from British reprisal in the city of Amritsar. Although satyagraha had not been realized during this protest, the Amritsar Massacre heated Indian opinion against the British.

In March 1922, Gandhi was jailed for sedition and after a trial was sentenced to six years in prison. After two years, Gandhi was released due to ill-health following surgery to treat his appendicitis. Upon his release, Gandhi found his country embroiled in violent attacks between Muslims and Hindus. As penance for the violence, Gandhi began a 21-day fast, known as the Great Fast of 1924. Still ill from his recent surgery, many thought he would die on day twelve, but he rallied. The fast created a temporary peace. Also during this decade, Gandhi began advocating self-reliance as a way to gain freedom from the British.

The Salt March
There were many British taxes to choose from, but Gandhi wanted to choose one that symbolized British exploitation of India's poor. The answer was the salt tax. Salt was a spice that was used in everyday cooking, even for the poorest in India. Yet, the British had made it illegal to own salt not sold or produced by the British government, in order to make a profit on all salt sold in India.

The Salt March was the beginning of a nationwide campaign to boycott the salt tax. It began on March 12, 1930 when Gandhi and 78 followers marched out from the Sabarmati Ashram and headed to the sea, about 200 miles away. When they reached Dandi, a town along the coast, on April 5, the group prayed all night. In the morning, Gandhi made a presentation of picking up a piece of sea salt that lay on the beach. Technically, he had broken the law.

Indian Independence
Wanting independence sooner, Gandhi organized a "Quit India" campaign in 1942. In response, the British once again jailed Gandhi.

When Gandhi was released from prison in 1944, Indian independence seemed in sight. Unfortunately, however, huge disagreements between Hindus and Muslims had arisen. Since the majority of Indians were Hindu, the Muslims feared not having any political power if there was an independent India. Thus, the Muslims wanted the six provinces in northwest India, which had a majority population of Muslims, to become an independent country. Massive violence erupted, including raping, slaughter, and the burning of entire towns. Gandhi toured India, hoping his mere presence could curb the violence.

The British, witnessing what seemed sure to become a violent civil war, decided to leave India in August 1947. Before leaving, the British were able to get the Hindus, against Gandhi's wishes, to agree to a partition plan. On August 15, 1947, Great Britain granted independence to India and to the newly formed Muslim country of Pakistan.

Assassination
Unfortunately, not everyone was happy with this peace plan. There were a few radical Hindu groups who believed that India should never have been partitioned. In part, they blamed Gandhi for the separation
.
On January 30, 1948, the 78-year-old Gandhi spent his last day as he had many others. At a few minutes past 5 p.m., when it was time for the prayer meeting, Gandhi began the walk to Birla House. A crowd had surrounded him as he walked, being supported by two of his grandnieces. In front of him, a young Hindu named Nathuram Godse stopped before him and bowed. Gandhi bowed back. Then Godse rushed forward and shot Gandhi three times with a black, semi-automatic pistol. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, this time, Gandhi fell to the ground, dead.

Friday, October 1, 2010

Commonwealth Games 2010 Sports

Archery: Archery Sport will have its second appearance in the Delhi Commonwealth Games Programme after six editions. The first appearance was in Brisbane Games in 1982 with 11 CGAs participation. Delhi 2010 will feature eight events, four events each for Men and Women. Archery Sport will have two venues. The competition will be held at the Yamuna Sports Complex from 4 - 10 October 2010.

Athletics: Athletics featured on the Commonwealth Games Programme since the inaugural Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada. Out of 46 events for Men & Women 44 events will be held over seven days from 6 - 12 October and Marathon will be held on 14 October 2010 and 20 km walk on 9 October 2010, at J.N. Stadium.

Badminton: Badminton is a core sport for men and women that made its debut in Kingston 1966 as one of nine included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in this year. Delhi 2010 will feature six events in this discipline – Singles and Doubles matches for men and women, Mixed Doubles and Team Mixed – to be held at the Siri Fort Sports Complex between 4 -14 October 2010.

Boxing: Boxing is one of the few to have featured on every Commonwealth Games Programme. Delhi 2010 will feature events in 11 weight categories, over 5 - 13 October 2010, at the Talkatora Indoor Stadium.

Cycling:Cycling was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1934 in London Games with seven CGAs participation. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 Track events, (eight for men and six for women) and two Road events (Mass Start and time Trial events) for Men & Women. Track events will be held from 5 - 8 October 2010.

Gymnastics: Gymnastics was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1978 Edmonton Games. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 events (8 Men & 6 Women) at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium.

Hockey: Hockey is one of three team sports to be introduced to the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Two events –team competitions, men and women - will be held at Delhi 2010 at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium between 4 - 14 October 2010.

Lawn Bowls: Lawn Bowls has been in all Commonwealth Games Sports Programme with the exception of Kingston 1966. Delhi 2010 will feature six events at the J.N. Sports complex from 4 to 13 October 2010.

Netball: Netball is only for women and one of three team sports introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. In Delhi, the Netball competition will be held at Thyagaraj Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.

Rugby Sevens: Rugby Sevens is only for Men introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. Competition Venue and seven Training Venues are in Delhi University. The two day competition will be held on 11 & 12 October 2010.

Shooting: Shooting made its first appearance in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kingston 1966. Since then the Sport has been in every Commonwealth Games except in 1979 Games. The games will be held at Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range.

Squash: Squash (Singles) made its debut on the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Delhi 2010 will feature five events- Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles at the Siri Fort Sports Complex from 4 -13 October 2010.

Table Tennis: Table Tennis first appeared in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Manchester 2002. Delhi 2010 will feature seven events - Singles, Doubles and Team (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – at the Yamuna Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.

Tennis: Tennis maiden appearance in Commonwealth Games Programme would be in Delhi 2010. Five events – Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – will be held at the R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex from 4 and 10 October 2010.

Weightlifting: Weightlifting was included in the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1990 Auckland Games. Delhi 2010 will have 8 weight categories for Men and 7 weight categories for women at the J.N. Sports Complex from 4 to 12 October 2010.

Wrestling: Delhi 2010 will feature 14 (7 Freestyle and 7 Greco Roman) weight categories for men and seven Freestyle weight categories for women at the Indira Gandhi Sports Complex from 5 to 10 October 2010.