Deepavali marks the beginning of the Hindu New Year according to the Lunar Calendar. It literally translated means 'Row of Lights' . It celebrates the victory of goodness over evil, light over darkness, and ushers in the new year. For this event people are cleaning their houses and wear new clothes. Diwali is a 5 days festival as Dhanteras, Choti Diwali, Badi (Main) Diwali, Padwa and Bhaiduj. There are many different names for the days of Diwali in different regions of India and in the different languages spoken in that regions (i.e. Hindi, Urdu, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarati, Bengali). During Deepavali people pray to Lakshmi, Goddess of wealth, light, prosperty and wisdom, but also to God Ganesha, the 'Remover of Obstacles' or the 'Lord of Beginnings'.
Deepavali celebrations take place in many countries in the world. On the first day of the Diwali festival people pray, eating a special breakfast made of many different foods. The Hindu Goddess Lakshmi's statue and images are carried through the streets in processions. There are various legends and stories about the Diwali festival. The story of Bali, Emergence of Laxmi, Krisna Narakasur Fight, Victory of Rama over Ravana and many more. Dipa Lights (also called Diwali Diyas, Kandils, Ghee Lamps, Parvati Ganesha Lamps) that are made of clay, fueled with Oil from Coconuts or Mustard or Ghee (clarified butter), the wick made of cotton wool, are placed outside of houses, on floors and doorways. During Diwali festival doorways are hung with torans of mango leaves and marigolds. Deepavali Mela is being celebrated by Hindus, Sikhs, Jains & Buddhists. On the day of Deepavali people exchange gifts, using firecrackers, making fireworks & bonfires, having festive meals. The Indian Festival of Lights takes place after the monsoon season when the weather is pleasant. Diwali Melas (fairs) are held throughout India and the celebrations abroad.
HAPPY DIWALI
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Thursday, October 14, 2010
Durga Puja 2010
Durga Puja, also referred to as Durgotsava, is an annual Hindu festival in South Asia that celebrates worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. It refers to all the six days observed as Mahalaya, Shashthi , Maha Saptami, Maha Ashtami, Maha Navami and Bijoya Dashami. The dates of Durga Puja celebrations are set according to the traditional Hindu calendar and the fortnight corresponding to the festival is called Devi Paksha. Devi Paksha is preceded by Mahalaya, the last day of the previous fortnight Pitri Pokkho, and is ended on Kojagori Lokkhi Puja It is a celebration of the Mother Goddess, and the victory of the revered warrior Goddess Durga over the evil buffalo demon Mahishasura. When is it celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated during the last five days of Navaratri, which is usually in late September/early October each year. In 2010, Durga Puja runs from October 13-17. The dates of the festival are determined according to the lunar calendar.
Where is it Celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated in West Bengal, particularly in the city of Kolkata. It's the biggest and most important occasion of the year there. Bengali communities in other locations across India celebrate Durga Puja as well. Substantial Durga Puja festivities take place in both Mumbai and Delhi.
How is it Celebrated:
Durga Puja is celebrated in a similar manner to the Ganesh Chaturthi festival. The start of the festival sees huge, elaborately crafted statutes of Goddess Durga installed in homes and beautifully decorated podiums all over the city. At the end of the festival, the statutes are paraded through the streets, accompanied by much music and dancing, and then immersed in the Ganges river.
What Rituals are Performed During Durga Puja:
On the first day of the festival, people welcome the Goddess Durga and perform a special worship to invoke her holy presence into the statues. This ritual is called Pran Pratisthan. Mothers keep a fast for the well being of their children. Prayers are offered to the Goddess every day during the festival. On the second day branches of nine trees are bound together, bathed in water from the Ganges, and worshiped. On the third day, Goddess Durga is worshiped in the form of a small girl. The fourth day concludes the worship, with much food offered to the Goddess. On the last day, the statutes are taken for immersion.
What to Expect During Durga Puja:
The Durga Puja festival is an extremely social and theatrical event. Drama, dance, and cultural performances are widely held. Food is a huge part of the festival, and street stalls blossom all over Kolkata. In the evenings, the streets of Kolkata fill with people, who come to admire the statues of Goddess Durga, eat, and celebrate.
Commonwealth Games 2010 ends
As the sporting action in Delhi wrapped up on Thursday, 14 October 2010, all eyes were on the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium, which after playing host to some scorching track-and-field action over the past two weeks, took centrestage for the Delhi 2010 Closing Ceremony. The governor of Delhi handed over the commonwealth flag to the chairman of the next hosting nation, Scotland.
The commonwealth games 2010 proved to be a supergame event fo India. India ranked second in the medal tally with a total of 101. It is almost double of the total medals at the Melbourne games. The gold medals reached to about 38, thus leading to England of 37. The next Commonwealth games will be held at Glasgow.
Country G S B Total
AUS - Australia 74 55 48 177
IND - India 38 27 36 101
ENG - England 37 59 46 142
CAN - Canada 26 17 32 75
RSA - South Africa 12 11 10 33
The XIX Commonwealth games proved to be a history for India. More than 75 commonwealth records were broken at Delhi. As Saina Nehwal wins the gold medal in the Badminton Singles, Sushil Kumar gets the same in Wrestling. India opens first time in Aquatics with Karmakar's Bronze. India loses to Australia in the men's hockey final to win the Silver. Half of the gold medals of India comes from Shooting. India also gets three golds and three bronze in Archery. Wresstling too proves to be a great success with about 10 golds.
In this short period, the billion-plus inhabitants of the 71 Commonwealth nations were privileged to be a part of moments that will forever be etched into our memories.
The commonwealth games 2010 proved to be a supergame event fo India. India ranked second in the medal tally with a total of 101. It is almost double of the total medals at the Melbourne games. The gold medals reached to about 38, thus leading to England of 37. The next Commonwealth games will be held at Glasgow.
Country G S B Total
AUS - Australia 74 55 48 177
IND - India 38 27 36 101
ENG - England 37 59 46 142
CAN - Canada 26 17 32 75
RSA - South Africa 12 11 10 33
The XIX Commonwealth games proved to be a history for India. More than 75 commonwealth records were broken at Delhi. As Saina Nehwal wins the gold medal in the Badminton Singles, Sushil Kumar gets the same in Wrestling. India opens first time in Aquatics with Karmakar's Bronze. India loses to Australia in the men's hockey final to win the Silver. Half of the gold medals of India comes from Shooting. India also gets three golds and three bronze in Archery. Wresstling too proves to be a great success with about 10 golds.
In this short period, the billion-plus inhabitants of the 71 Commonwealth nations were privileged to be a part of moments that will forever be etched into our memories.
Saturday, October 2, 2010
Gandhiji - The National Hero
Mohandas Gandhi is considered the father of the Indian independence movement. Gandhi spent twenty years in South Africa working to fight discrimination. It was there that he created his concept of satyagraha, a non-violent way of protesting against injustices. While in India, Gandhi's obvious virtue, simplistic lifestyle, and minimal dress endeared him to the people. He spent his remaining years working diligently to both remove British rule from India as well as to better the lives of India's poorest classes. Many civil rights leaders, including Martin Luther King Jr., used Gandhi's concept of non-violent protest as a model for their own struggles.
Dates: October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948
Also Known As: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma ("Great Soul"), Father of the Nation, Bapu ("Father"), Gandhiji
Overview
Mohandas Gandhi was the last child of his father (Karamchand Gandhi) and his father's fourth wife (Putlibai).
During his youth, Mohandas Gandhi was shy, soft-spoken, and only a mediocre student at school. Although generally an obedient child, at one point Gandhi experimented with eating meat, smoking, and a small amount of stealing -- all of which he later regretted.
At age 13, Gandhi married Kasturba (also spelled Kasturbai) in an arranged marriage. Kasturba bore Gandhi four sons and supported Gandhi's endeavors until her death in 1944.
Off to London
In September 1888, at age 18, Gandhi left India, without his wife and new-born son, in order to study to become a barrister (lawyer) in London. Attempting to fit into English society, Gandhi spent his first three months in London attempting to make himself into an English gentleman by buying new suits, fine-tuning his English accent, learning French, and taking violin and dance lessons. After three months of these expensive endeavors, Gandhi decided they were a waste of time and money.
Gandhi successfully passed the bar on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India two days later. For the next two years, Gandhi attempted to practice law in India. Unfortunately, Gandhi found that he lacked both knowledge of Indian law and self-confidence at trial. When he was offered a year-long position to take a case in South Africa, he was thankful for the opportunity.
Arriving in South Africa
At age 23, Gandhi once again left his family behind and set off for South Africa, arriving in British-governed Natal in May 1893. Although Gandhi was hoping to earn a little bit of money and to learn more about law, it was in South Africa that Gandhi transformed from a very quiet and shy man to a resilient and potent leader against discrimination. The beginning of this transformation occurred during a business trip taken shortly after his arrival in South Africa. Gandhi decided that he could not let these injustices continue and that he was going to fight to change these discriminatory practices.
Simplified Life
Gandhi moved his newspaper, the Indian Opinion, and its workers to the Phoenix Settlement as well as his own family a bit later. Besides a building for the press, each community member was allotted three acres of land on which to build a dwelling made of corrugated iron.
In 1906, believing that family life was taking away from his full potential as a public advocate, Gandhi took the vow of brahmacharya (a vow of abstinence against sexual relations, even with one's own wife). This was not an easy vow for him to follow, but one that he worked diligently to keep for the rest of his life.
Satyagraha
Needing a new term for the Indian resistance, Gandhi chose the term "satyagraha," which literally means "truth force." The first time Gandhi officially used satyagraha was in South Africa beginning in 1907 when he organized opposition to the Asiatic Registration Law (known as the Black Act). In March 1907, the Black Act was passed, requiring all Indians - young and old, men and women - to get fingerprinted and to keep registration documents on them at all times. While using satyagraha, Indians refused to get fingerprinted and picketed the documentation offices. Mass protests were organized, miners went on strike, and masses of Indians illegally traveled from Natal to the Transvaal in opposition to the Black Act. Many of the protesters were beaten and arrested, including Gandhi. (This was the first of Gandhi's many jail sentences.) It took seven years of protest, but in June 1914, the Black Act was repealed. Gandhi had proved that nonviolent protest could be immensely successful.
Back to India
Having spent twenty years in South Africa helping fight discrimination, Gandhi decided it was time to head back to India in July 1914. Although he was eager to begin reforms in India, a friend advised him to wait a year and spend the time traveling around India to acquaint himself with the people and their tribulations.
Also during this year of observation, Gandhi founded another communal settlement, this time in Ahmadabad and called the Sabarmati Ashram. Gandhi lived on the Ashram for the next sixteen years, along with his family and several members who had once been part of the Phoenix Settlement.
Mahatma
It was during his first year back in India that Gandhi was given the honorary title of Mahatma ("Great Soul"). Many credit Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Literature, for both awarding Gandhi of this name and of publicizing it. The title represented the feelings of the millions of Indian peasants who viewed Gandhi as a holy man. However, Gandhi never liked the title because it seemed to mean he was special while he viewed himself as ordinary. Instead of fighting the British, Gandhi used his influence and satyagraha to change inequities between Indians.
Turning Against the British
Even though Gandhi called off the hartal once he heard about the violence, over 300 Indians had died and over 1,100 were injured from British reprisal in the city of Amritsar. Although satyagraha had not been realized during this protest, the Amritsar Massacre heated Indian opinion against the British.
In March 1922, Gandhi was jailed for sedition and after a trial was sentenced to six years in prison. After two years, Gandhi was released due to ill-health following surgery to treat his appendicitis. Upon his release, Gandhi found his country embroiled in violent attacks between Muslims and Hindus. As penance for the violence, Gandhi began a 21-day fast, known as the Great Fast of 1924. Still ill from his recent surgery, many thought he would die on day twelve, but he rallied. The fast created a temporary peace. Also during this decade, Gandhi began advocating self-reliance as a way to gain freedom from the British.
The Salt March
There were many British taxes to choose from, but Gandhi wanted to choose one that symbolized British exploitation of India's poor. The answer was the salt tax. Salt was a spice that was used in everyday cooking, even for the poorest in India. Yet, the British had made it illegal to own salt not sold or produced by the British government, in order to make a profit on all salt sold in India.
The Salt March was the beginning of a nationwide campaign to boycott the salt tax. It began on March 12, 1930 when Gandhi and 78 followers marched out from the Sabarmati Ashram and headed to the sea, about 200 miles away. When they reached Dandi, a town along the coast, on April 5, the group prayed all night. In the morning, Gandhi made a presentation of picking up a piece of sea salt that lay on the beach. Technically, he had broken the law.
Indian Independence
Wanting independence sooner, Gandhi organized a "Quit India" campaign in 1942. In response, the British once again jailed Gandhi.
When Gandhi was released from prison in 1944, Indian independence seemed in sight. Unfortunately, however, huge disagreements between Hindus and Muslims had arisen. Since the majority of Indians were Hindu, the Muslims feared not having any political power if there was an independent India. Thus, the Muslims wanted the six provinces in northwest India, which had a majority population of Muslims, to become an independent country. Massive violence erupted, including raping, slaughter, and the burning of entire towns. Gandhi toured India, hoping his mere presence could curb the violence.
The British, witnessing what seemed sure to become a violent civil war, decided to leave India in August 1947. Before leaving, the British were able to get the Hindus, against Gandhi's wishes, to agree to a partition plan. On August 15, 1947, Great Britain granted independence to India and to the newly formed Muslim country of Pakistan.
Assassination
Unfortunately, not everyone was happy with this peace plan. There were a few radical Hindu groups who believed that India should never have been partitioned. In part, they blamed Gandhi for the separation
.
On January 30, 1948, the 78-year-old Gandhi spent his last day as he had many others. At a few minutes past 5 p.m., when it was time for the prayer meeting, Gandhi began the walk to Birla House. A crowd had surrounded him as he walked, being supported by two of his grandnieces. In front of him, a young Hindu named Nathuram Godse stopped before him and bowed. Gandhi bowed back. Then Godse rushed forward and shot Gandhi three times with a black, semi-automatic pistol. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, this time, Gandhi fell to the ground, dead.
Dates: October 2, 1869 - January 30, 1948
Also Known As: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Mahatma ("Great Soul"), Father of the Nation, Bapu ("Father"), Gandhiji
Overview
Mohandas Gandhi was the last child of his father (Karamchand Gandhi) and his father's fourth wife (Putlibai).
During his youth, Mohandas Gandhi was shy, soft-spoken, and only a mediocre student at school. Although generally an obedient child, at one point Gandhi experimented with eating meat, smoking, and a small amount of stealing -- all of which he later regretted.
At age 13, Gandhi married Kasturba (also spelled Kasturbai) in an arranged marriage. Kasturba bore Gandhi four sons and supported Gandhi's endeavors until her death in 1944.
Off to London
In September 1888, at age 18, Gandhi left India, without his wife and new-born son, in order to study to become a barrister (lawyer) in London. Attempting to fit into English society, Gandhi spent his first three months in London attempting to make himself into an English gentleman by buying new suits, fine-tuning his English accent, learning French, and taking violin and dance lessons. After three months of these expensive endeavors, Gandhi decided they were a waste of time and money.
Gandhi successfully passed the bar on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India two days later. For the next two years, Gandhi attempted to practice law in India. Unfortunately, Gandhi found that he lacked both knowledge of Indian law and self-confidence at trial. When he was offered a year-long position to take a case in South Africa, he was thankful for the opportunity.
Arriving in South Africa
At age 23, Gandhi once again left his family behind and set off for South Africa, arriving in British-governed Natal in May 1893. Although Gandhi was hoping to earn a little bit of money and to learn more about law, it was in South Africa that Gandhi transformed from a very quiet and shy man to a resilient and potent leader against discrimination. The beginning of this transformation occurred during a business trip taken shortly after his arrival in South Africa. Gandhi decided that he could not let these injustices continue and that he was going to fight to change these discriminatory practices.
Simplified Life
Gandhi moved his newspaper, the Indian Opinion, and its workers to the Phoenix Settlement as well as his own family a bit later. Besides a building for the press, each community member was allotted three acres of land on which to build a dwelling made of corrugated iron.
In 1906, believing that family life was taking away from his full potential as a public advocate, Gandhi took the vow of brahmacharya (a vow of abstinence against sexual relations, even with one's own wife). This was not an easy vow for him to follow, but one that he worked diligently to keep for the rest of his life.
Satyagraha
Needing a new term for the Indian resistance, Gandhi chose the term "satyagraha," which literally means "truth force." The first time Gandhi officially used satyagraha was in South Africa beginning in 1907 when he organized opposition to the Asiatic Registration Law (known as the Black Act). In March 1907, the Black Act was passed, requiring all Indians - young and old, men and women - to get fingerprinted and to keep registration documents on them at all times. While using satyagraha, Indians refused to get fingerprinted and picketed the documentation offices. Mass protests were organized, miners went on strike, and masses of Indians illegally traveled from Natal to the Transvaal in opposition to the Black Act. Many of the protesters were beaten and arrested, including Gandhi. (This was the first of Gandhi's many jail sentences.) It took seven years of protest, but in June 1914, the Black Act was repealed. Gandhi had proved that nonviolent protest could be immensely successful.
Back to India
Having spent twenty years in South Africa helping fight discrimination, Gandhi decided it was time to head back to India in July 1914. Although he was eager to begin reforms in India, a friend advised him to wait a year and spend the time traveling around India to acquaint himself with the people and their tribulations.
Also during this year of observation, Gandhi founded another communal settlement, this time in Ahmadabad and called the Sabarmati Ashram. Gandhi lived on the Ashram for the next sixteen years, along with his family and several members who had once been part of the Phoenix Settlement.
Mahatma
It was during his first year back in India that Gandhi was given the honorary title of Mahatma ("Great Soul"). Many credit Indian poet Rabindranath Tagore, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize for Literature, for both awarding Gandhi of this name and of publicizing it. The title represented the feelings of the millions of Indian peasants who viewed Gandhi as a holy man. However, Gandhi never liked the title because it seemed to mean he was special while he viewed himself as ordinary. Instead of fighting the British, Gandhi used his influence and satyagraha to change inequities between Indians.
Turning Against the British
Even though Gandhi called off the hartal once he heard about the violence, over 300 Indians had died and over 1,100 were injured from British reprisal in the city of Amritsar. Although satyagraha had not been realized during this protest, the Amritsar Massacre heated Indian opinion against the British.
In March 1922, Gandhi was jailed for sedition and after a trial was sentenced to six years in prison. After two years, Gandhi was released due to ill-health following surgery to treat his appendicitis. Upon his release, Gandhi found his country embroiled in violent attacks between Muslims and Hindus. As penance for the violence, Gandhi began a 21-day fast, known as the Great Fast of 1924. Still ill from his recent surgery, many thought he would die on day twelve, but he rallied. The fast created a temporary peace. Also during this decade, Gandhi began advocating self-reliance as a way to gain freedom from the British.
The Salt March
There were many British taxes to choose from, but Gandhi wanted to choose one that symbolized British exploitation of India's poor. The answer was the salt tax. Salt was a spice that was used in everyday cooking, even for the poorest in India. Yet, the British had made it illegal to own salt not sold or produced by the British government, in order to make a profit on all salt sold in India.
The Salt March was the beginning of a nationwide campaign to boycott the salt tax. It began on March 12, 1930 when Gandhi and 78 followers marched out from the Sabarmati Ashram and headed to the sea, about 200 miles away. When they reached Dandi, a town along the coast, on April 5, the group prayed all night. In the morning, Gandhi made a presentation of picking up a piece of sea salt that lay on the beach. Technically, he had broken the law.
Indian Independence
Wanting independence sooner, Gandhi organized a "Quit India" campaign in 1942. In response, the British once again jailed Gandhi.
When Gandhi was released from prison in 1944, Indian independence seemed in sight. Unfortunately, however, huge disagreements between Hindus and Muslims had arisen. Since the majority of Indians were Hindu, the Muslims feared not having any political power if there was an independent India. Thus, the Muslims wanted the six provinces in northwest India, which had a majority population of Muslims, to become an independent country. Massive violence erupted, including raping, slaughter, and the burning of entire towns. Gandhi toured India, hoping his mere presence could curb the violence.
The British, witnessing what seemed sure to become a violent civil war, decided to leave India in August 1947. Before leaving, the British were able to get the Hindus, against Gandhi's wishes, to agree to a partition plan. On August 15, 1947, Great Britain granted independence to India and to the newly formed Muslim country of Pakistan.
Assassination
Unfortunately, not everyone was happy with this peace plan. There were a few radical Hindu groups who believed that India should never have been partitioned. In part, they blamed Gandhi for the separation
.
On January 30, 1948, the 78-year-old Gandhi spent his last day as he had many others. At a few minutes past 5 p.m., when it was time for the prayer meeting, Gandhi began the walk to Birla House. A crowd had surrounded him as he walked, being supported by two of his grandnieces. In front of him, a young Hindu named Nathuram Godse stopped before him and bowed. Gandhi bowed back. Then Godse rushed forward and shot Gandhi three times with a black, semi-automatic pistol. Although Gandhi had survived five other assassination attempts, this time, Gandhi fell to the ground, dead.
Friday, October 1, 2010
Commonwealth Games 2010 Sports
Archery: Archery Sport will have its second appearance in the Delhi Commonwealth Games Programme after six editions. The first appearance was in Brisbane Games in 1982 with 11 CGAs participation. Delhi 2010 will feature eight events, four events each for Men and Women. Archery Sport will have two venues. The competition will be held at the Yamuna Sports Complex from 4 - 10 October 2010.
Athletics: Athletics featured on the Commonwealth Games Programme since the inaugural Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada. Out of 46 events for Men & Women 44 events will be held over seven days from 6 - 12 October and Marathon will be held on 14 October 2010 and 20 km walk on 9 October 2010, at J.N. Stadium.
Badminton: Badminton is a core sport for men and women that made its debut in Kingston 1966 as one of nine included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in this year. Delhi 2010 will feature six events in this discipline – Singles and Doubles matches for men and women, Mixed Doubles and Team Mixed – to be held at the Siri Fort Sports Complex between 4 -14 October 2010.
Boxing: Boxing is one of the few to have featured on every Commonwealth Games Programme. Delhi 2010 will feature events in 11 weight categories, over 5 - 13 October 2010, at the Talkatora Indoor Stadium.
Cycling:Cycling was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1934 in London Games with seven CGAs participation. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 Track events, (eight for men and six for women) and two Road events (Mass Start and time Trial events) for Men & Women. Track events will be held from 5 - 8 October 2010.
Gymnastics: Gymnastics was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1978 Edmonton Games. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 events (8 Men & 6 Women) at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium.
Hockey: Hockey is one of three team sports to be introduced to the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Two events –team competitions, men and women - will be held at Delhi 2010 at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium between 4 - 14 October 2010.
Lawn Bowls: Lawn Bowls has been in all Commonwealth Games Sports Programme with the exception of Kingston 1966. Delhi 2010 will feature six events at the J.N. Sports complex from 4 to 13 October 2010.
Netball: Netball is only for women and one of three team sports introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. In Delhi, the Netball competition will be held at Thyagaraj Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.
Rugby Sevens: Rugby Sevens is only for Men introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. Competition Venue and seven Training Venues are in Delhi University. The two day competition will be held on 11 & 12 October 2010.
Shooting: Shooting made its first appearance in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kingston 1966. Since then the Sport has been in every Commonwealth Games except in 1979 Games. The games will be held at Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range.
Squash: Squash (Singles) made its debut on the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Delhi 2010 will feature five events- Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles at the Siri Fort Sports Complex from 4 -13 October 2010.
Table Tennis: Table Tennis first appeared in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Manchester 2002. Delhi 2010 will feature seven events - Singles, Doubles and Team (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – at the Yamuna Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.
Tennis: Tennis maiden appearance in Commonwealth Games Programme would be in Delhi 2010. Five events – Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – will be held at the R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex from 4 and 10 October 2010.
Weightlifting: Weightlifting was included in the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1990 Auckland Games. Delhi 2010 will have 8 weight categories for Men and 7 weight categories for women at the J.N. Sports Complex from 4 to 12 October 2010.
Wrestling: Delhi 2010 will feature 14 (7 Freestyle and 7 Greco Roman) weight categories for men and seven Freestyle weight categories for women at the Indira Gandhi Sports Complex from 5 to 10 October 2010.
Athletics: Athletics featured on the Commonwealth Games Programme since the inaugural Games in 1930 at Hamilton, Canada. Out of 46 events for Men & Women 44 events will be held over seven days from 6 - 12 October and Marathon will be held on 14 October 2010 and 20 km walk on 9 October 2010, at J.N. Stadium.
Badminton: Badminton is a core sport for men and women that made its debut in Kingston 1966 as one of nine included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in this year. Delhi 2010 will feature six events in this discipline – Singles and Doubles matches for men and women, Mixed Doubles and Team Mixed – to be held at the Siri Fort Sports Complex between 4 -14 October 2010.
Boxing: Boxing is one of the few to have featured on every Commonwealth Games Programme. Delhi 2010 will feature events in 11 weight categories, over 5 - 13 October 2010, at the Talkatora Indoor Stadium.
Cycling:Cycling was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1934 in London Games with seven CGAs participation. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 Track events, (eight for men and six for women) and two Road events (Mass Start and time Trial events) for Men & Women. Track events will be held from 5 - 8 October 2010.
Gymnastics: Gymnastics was first included on the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1978 Edmonton Games. Delhi 2010 will feature 14 events (8 Men & 6 Women) at the Indira Gandhi Indoor Stadium.
Hockey: Hockey is one of three team sports to be introduced to the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Two events –team competitions, men and women - will be held at Delhi 2010 at the Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium between 4 - 14 October 2010.
Lawn Bowls: Lawn Bowls has been in all Commonwealth Games Sports Programme with the exception of Kingston 1966. Delhi 2010 will feature six events at the J.N. Sports complex from 4 to 13 October 2010.
Netball: Netball is only for women and one of three team sports introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. In Delhi, the Netball competition will be held at Thyagaraj Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.
Rugby Sevens: Rugby Sevens is only for Men introduced in 1998 Kuala Lumpur Commonwealth Games. Competition Venue and seven Training Venues are in Delhi University. The two day competition will be held on 11 & 12 October 2010.
Shooting: Shooting made its first appearance in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kingston 1966. Since then the Sport has been in every Commonwealth Games except in 1979 Games. The games will be held at Dr Karni Singh Shooting Range.
Squash: Squash (Singles) made its debut on the Commonwealth Games Programme in Kuala Lumpur 1998. Delhi 2010 will feature five events- Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles at the Siri Fort Sports Complex from 4 -13 October 2010.
Table Tennis: Table Tennis first appeared in the Commonwealth Games Programme in Manchester 2002. Delhi 2010 will feature seven events - Singles, Doubles and Team (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – at the Yamuna Sports Complex from 4 to 14 October 2010.
Tennis: Tennis maiden appearance in Commonwealth Games Programme would be in Delhi 2010. Five events – Singles (Men and Women), Doubles (Men and Women) and Mixed Doubles – will be held at the R.K. Khanna Tennis Complex from 4 and 10 October 2010.
Weightlifting: Weightlifting was included in the Commonwealth Games Programme in 1990 Auckland Games. Delhi 2010 will have 8 weight categories for Men and 7 weight categories for women at the J.N. Sports Complex from 4 to 12 October 2010.
Wrestling: Delhi 2010 will feature 14 (7 Freestyle and 7 Greco Roman) weight categories for men and seven Freestyle weight categories for women at the Indira Gandhi Sports Complex from 5 to 10 October 2010.
Thursday, September 30, 2010
Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi
The Commonwealth Games include many Olympic sports and also some sports that are played mainly in Commonwealth nations like lawn bowls, rugby sevens and netball. The apex international body that organises and oversees the Commonwealth Games is the Commonwealth Games Federation (CGF), which also controls the sporting programme and selects the host cities.
The Commonwealth Games were first held in 1930 as the British Empire Games in Hamilton, Canada. The event was renamed as the British Empire and Commonwealth Games in 1954, the British Commonwealth Games in 1970 and from 1978 are named as the Commonwealth Games.
Delhi, the capital of India, is hosting the XIX Commonwealth Games from 3 October 2010.
Shera - The Mascot
Shera, mascot of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi, is the most visible face of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi. His name comes from the Hindi word Sher – meaning tiger. Shera truly represents the modern Indian. He is an achiever with a positive attitude, a global citizen but justifiably proud of his nation’s ancient heritage, a fierce competitor but with integrity and honesty. Shera is also a ‘large-hearted gentleman’ who loves making friends and enthusing people to ‘come out and play’.
In Indian mythology, the tiger is associated with Goddess Durga, the embodiment of Shakti (or female power) and the vanquisher of evil. She rides her powerful vehicle – the tiger – into combat, especially in her epic and victorious battle against Mahishasur, a dreaded demon.
Shera embodies values that the nation is proud of: majesty, power, charisma, intelligence and grace. His athletic prowess, courage and speed on the field are legendary. He is also a reminder of the fragile environment he lives in and our responsibility towards the protection of his ecosystem.
The logo of the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi is inspired by the Chakra, the national symbol of freedom, unity and power. Spiralling upwards, it depicts the growth of India into a proud, vibrant nation. Her billion people coming together to fulfil their true destinies. India`s journey from tradition to modernity, her economic transformation into a super power… reaching out to the world and leading the way, even as she enthusiastically embraces all the 71 CGA nations and territories of the Commonwealth to become one and host the best ever Commonwealth Games in Delhi.
Come Out and Play: The logo tagline is in an invitation to every person across all divides – Indian and Commonwealth - to let go of themselves and participate in the Games to the best of their abilities, in the true sprit of the Games. It is an exhortation to them to set new records, to outperform, and to raise the bar by scaling new peaks of achievement. It is also a call to the people of India, especially Delhi, to come out in support of the Games and play the perfect hosts at the XIX Commonwealth Games 2010 Delhi.
Colour Palette: The colour palette for the Delhi 2010 look programme combines two of the distinctive colours of the Delhi 2010 Emblem with the official colours of the Commonwealth Games.
Green: The colour that signifies life, energy and high spirits also represents the fact that Delhi 2010 will be the firstever Green Games. With a spring in your step, face every challenge and overcome hurdles with radiance and gusto.
Purple: Combining the stable and calming aspects of blue with the mystical qualities of pink, this colour satisfies the need for reassurance, while adding a hint of mystery and excitement.
Red, Yellow & Blue: Commonwealth Games colours, representing the ‘Trinity of Values’ that symbolise the games; unifying Humanity (Red) giving all athletes a chance to realise their Destiny (Yellow) and promoting Equality (Blue).
Pink: This colour has also been introduced to the palette adding an element of surprise and luxury to the Games look programme. It plays to the crowd and truly reflects India in all its resplendent glory.
US OPEN 2010
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Men's Singles - Final
Rafael Nadal ESP (1) 6 5 6 6
Novak Djokovic SRB (3) 4 7 4 2
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Women's Singles - Final
Vera Zvonareva RUS (7) 2 1
Kim Clijsters BEL (2) 6 6
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Men's Doubles - Final
Bob Bryan USA (1)
Mike Bryan USA (1) 7 7 7 7
Rohan Bopanna IND (16)
Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi PAK (16) 6 5 6 4
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Women's Doubles - Final
Vania King USA (6)
Yaroslava Shvedova KAZ (6) 2 6 7 7
Liezel Huber USA (2)
Nadia Petrova RUS (2) 6 4 6 4
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Mixed Doubles - Final
Liezel Huber USA (1)
Bob Bryan USA (1) 6 6
Kveta Peschke CZE 4 4
Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi PAK
Court 11 - Junior Boys' Singles - Final
Denis Kudla USA (10) 6 2 2
Jack Sock USA 3 6 6
Court 7 - Junior Girls' Singles - Final
Daria Gavrilova RUS (1) 6 6
Yulia Putintseva RUS 3 2
Court 11 - Junior Boys' Doubles - Final
Duilio Beretta PER (3)
Roberto Quiroz ECU (3) 6 7
Oliver Golding GBR (4)
Jiri Vesely CZE (4) 1 5
Court 7 - Junior Girls' Doubles - Final
Timea Babos HUN (3)
Sloane Stephens USA (3)
An-Sophie Mestach BEL
Silvia Njiric CRO
Court 11 - Wheelchair Men's Singles - Final
Shingo Kunieda JPN (1)
Nicolas Peifer FRA
Court 13 - Wheelchair Women's Singles - Final
Esther Vergeer NED (1) 6 6
Daniela Di Toro AUS 0 0
Court 7 - Wheelchair Men's Doubles - Final
Nicolas Peifer FRA
Jon Rydberg USA 0 0
Maikel Scheffers NED
Ronald Vink NED 6 6
Court 11 - Wheelchair Women's Doubles - Final
Daniela Di Toro AUS (1)
Aniek Van Koot NED (1) 3 3
Esther Vergeer NED (2)
Sharon Walraven NED (2) 6 6
Court 11 - Wheelchair Quad Singles - 4th Round
David Wagner USA 6 2 6
Peter Norfolk GBR 0 6 3
Court 13 - Wheelchair Quad Doubles - Final
Nicholas Taylor USA (1)
David Wagner USA (1) 7 7 7
Johan Andersson SWE (2)
Peter Norfolk GBR (2) 5 6 4
Rafael Nadal ESP (1) 6 5 6 6
Novak Djokovic SRB (3) 4 7 4 2
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Women's Singles - Final
Vera Zvonareva RUS (7) 2 1
Kim Clijsters BEL (2) 6 6
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Men's Doubles - Final
Bob Bryan USA (1)
Mike Bryan USA (1) 7 7 7 7
Rohan Bopanna IND (16)
Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi PAK (16) 6 5 6 4
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Women's Doubles - Final
Vania King USA (6)
Yaroslava Shvedova KAZ (6) 2 6 7 7
Liezel Huber USA (2)
Nadia Petrova RUS (2) 6 4 6 4
Arthur Ashe Stadium - Mixed Doubles - Final
Liezel Huber USA (1)
Bob Bryan USA (1) 6 6
Kveta Peschke CZE 4 4
Aisam-Ul-Haq Qureshi PAK
Court 11 - Junior Boys' Singles - Final
Denis Kudla USA (10) 6 2 2
Jack Sock USA 3 6 6
Court 7 - Junior Girls' Singles - Final
Daria Gavrilova RUS (1) 6 6
Yulia Putintseva RUS 3 2
Court 11 - Junior Boys' Doubles - Final
Duilio Beretta PER (3)
Roberto Quiroz ECU (3) 6 7
Oliver Golding GBR (4)
Jiri Vesely CZE (4) 1 5
Court 7 - Junior Girls' Doubles - Final
Timea Babos HUN (3)
Sloane Stephens USA (3)
An-Sophie Mestach BEL
Silvia Njiric CRO
Court 11 - Wheelchair Men's Singles - Final
Shingo Kunieda JPN (1)
Nicolas Peifer FRA
Court 13 - Wheelchair Women's Singles - Final
Esther Vergeer NED (1) 6 6
Daniela Di Toro AUS 0 0
Court 7 - Wheelchair Men's Doubles - Final
Nicolas Peifer FRA
Jon Rydberg USA 0 0
Maikel Scheffers NED
Ronald Vink NED 6 6
Court 11 - Wheelchair Women's Doubles - Final
Daniela Di Toro AUS (1)
Aniek Van Koot NED (1) 3 3
Esther Vergeer NED (2)
Sharon Walraven NED (2) 6 6
Court 11 - Wheelchair Quad Singles - 4th Round
David Wagner USA 6 2 6
Peter Norfolk GBR 0 6 3
Court 13 - Wheelchair Quad Doubles - Final
Nicholas Taylor USA (1)
David Wagner USA (1) 7 7 7
Johan Andersson SWE (2)
Peter Norfolk GBR (2) 5 6 4
Wednesday, September 29, 2010
Today's Confused Words
1. Amount and Number
Amount - is used to refer to a quantity. Number - is used to refer to people or things that can be counted.
Examples:
An enormous amount of energy was exerted by a small number of people.
(a) Expect a certain amount of madness when you marry someone with pets.
(b) A great number of pets can drive you mad.
2. Compliment and Complement
Complement - means "something that completes or brings to perfection." A compliment - is an expression of praise.
Examples:
He said that men and women have strengths that complement each other.
She did not take his remark as a compliment
3.Economic and Economical
In present-day usage, the adjective economical generally means thrifty--marked by careful use of resources or operating with little waste. The adjective economic (related to the field of economics) generally refers to the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
Examples:
•"Destroying a rainforest for economic gain is like burning a Renaissance painting to cook a meal." (E. O. Wilson)
•The most economical and carbon-friendly way to travel to Boston is by train.
4.Cite, Sight, and Site
The verb cite means to mention or quote as an authority or example. The noun sight refers to something that is seen or the power or process of seeing. The noun site means a particular place.
Examples:
•This style guide explains how to cite sources in a term paper.
•"The sight of the stars makes me dream." (Vincent Van Gogh)
•I'm still looking for a good quotations site on the web.
5.Few (Fewer) and Little (Less)
Few and fewer refer to people or objects that can be counted. Little and less refer to a small quantity.
Examples:
•"I'm a woman of few words," Mae West said.
•I have even less to say than Mae.
•"The fewer the words, the better the prayer." (Martin Luther)
•"You can never learn less; you can only learn more." (R. Buckminster Fuller)
•"Anarchism is founded on the observation that since few men are wise enough to rule themselves, even fewer are wise enough to rule others." (Edward Abbey)
Friday, September 10, 2010
Confusing Words
1. Aggravate and Irritate
Aggravate - The verb aggravate means "to make worse" and, according to some style guides, should not be confused with the verb Irritate - which means "to annoy."
Examples:
•Many of the government's actions aggravate rather than alleviate the stresses on families.
•Government interference can be extremely irritating to ordinary citizens.
2. Affect and Effect
Affect - is usually a verb meaning "to influence." Effect - is usually a noun meaning "result." When used as a verb, effect means "to cause."
Examples:
Peace is a natural effect of trade.
War affects trade in various ways.
3.Adapt and Adopt
Adapt - means to take something and make it suitable for a specific use or situation. Adopt -means to take something and make it one's own as is.
Examples:
•The key to success is often the ability to adapt.
•"Adopt the pace of nature; her secret is patience." (Ralph Waldo Emerson)'
4.Adverse and Averse
The adjective adverse means antagonistic, opposing, harmful, or unfavorable; often it refers to things. The adjective averse means strongly disinclined; often it refers to people.
Examples:
•"Live as brave men; and if fortune is adverse, front its blows with brave hearts." (Marcus Tullius Cicero)
•"I am very averse to bringing myself forward in print." (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley)
5.Advice and Advise
The noun advice means "guidance." The verb advise means to "recommend" or "counsel."
Examples:
Em's father advised her not to see Sam.
She should have followed his advice.
Thursday, July 22, 2010
2010 French Open
Date: 23 May – 6 June
Edition: 109th
Category: Grand Slam (ITF)
Location: Paris (XVIe), France
Edition: 109th
Category: Grand Slam (ITF)
Location: Paris (XVIe), France
Champions
Men's Singles - Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles - Francesca Schiavone
Men's Doubles - Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić
Women's Doubles - Serena Williams / Venus Williams
Mixed Doubles - Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjić
Boys' Singles - Agustín Velotti
Girls' Singles - Elina Svitolina
Boys' Doubles - Duilio Beretta / Roberto Quiroz
Girls' Doubles - Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens
Legends Under 45 Doubles - Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Andrei Medvedev
Women's Legends Doubles - Martina Navratilova / Jana Novotná
Legends Over 45 Doubles - Andrés Gómez / John McEnroe
Wheelchair Men's Singles - Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Singles -Esther Vergeer
Wheelchair Men's Doubles - Stéphane Houdet / Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Doubles - Daniela Di Toro / Aniek van Koot
Men's Singles - Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles - Francesca Schiavone
Men's Doubles - Daniel Nestor / Nenad Zimonjić
Women's Doubles - Serena Williams / Venus Williams
Mixed Doubles - Katarina Srebotnik / Nenad Zimonjić
Boys' Singles - Agustín Velotti
Girls' Singles - Elina Svitolina
Boys' Doubles - Duilio Beretta / Roberto Quiroz
Girls' Doubles - Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens
Legends Under 45 Doubles - Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Andrei Medvedev
Women's Legends Doubles - Martina Navratilova / Jana Novotná
Legends Over 45 Doubles - Andrés Gómez / John McEnroe
Wheelchair Men's Singles - Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Singles -Esther Vergeer
Wheelchair Men's Doubles - Stéphane Houdet / Shingo Kunieda
Wheelchair Women's Doubles - Daniela Di Toro / Aniek van Koot
Wednesday, July 21, 2010
Compound microscope and its parts
A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope। It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification।
Essentially, a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However, within these two basic systems, there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand.
These key microscope parts are illustrated and explained below.
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
The three basic structural components of a compound microscope are the head, base and arm.
• Head/Body houses the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope
• Base of the microscope supports the microscope and houses the illuminator
• Arm connects to the base and supports the microscope head. It is also used to carry the microscope.
When carrying a compound microscope always take care to lift it by both the arm and base, simultaneously.
OPTICAL COMPONENTS
There are two optical systems in a compound microscope: Eyepiece Lenses and Objective Lenses:
Eyepiece or Ocular is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x. Optional eyepieces of varying powers are available, typically from 5x-30x.
Eyepiece tube holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens. Binocular microscope heads typically incorporate a diopter adjustment ring that allows for the possible inconsistencies of our eyesight in one or both eyes. The monocular (single eye usage) microscope does not need a diopter. Binocular microscopes also swivel (Interpupillary Adjustment) to allow for different distances between the eyes of different individuals.
Objective Lenses are the primary optical lenses on a microscope. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include, three, four or five on lens on most microscopes. Objectives can be forward or rear-facing.
Nosepiece houses the objectives. The objectives are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected. Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x although different power objectives are available.
Coarse and Fine Focus knobs are used to focus the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial knobs - that is to say they are built on the same axis with the fine focus knob on the outside.
Coaxial focus knobs are more convenient since the viewer does not have to grope for a different knob.
Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.
Stage Clips are used when there is no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of the specimen.
Aperture is the hole in the stage through which the base (transmitted) light reaches the stage.
Illuminator is the light source for a microscope, typically located in the base of the microscope. Most light microscopes use low voltage, halogen bulbs with continuous variable lighting control located within the base.
Condenser is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. It is located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.
Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen. It is located above the condenser and below the stage. Most high quality microscopes include an Abbe condenser with an iris diaphragm. Combined, they control both the focus and quantity of light applied to the specimen.
Condenser Focus Knob moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting focus on the specimen.
Essentially, a compound microscope consists of structural and optical components. However, within these two basic systems, there are some essential components that every microscopist should know and understand.
These key microscope parts are illustrated and explained below.
STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS
The three basic structural components of a compound microscope are the head, base and arm.
• Head/Body houses the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope
• Base of the microscope supports the microscope and houses the illuminator
• Arm connects to the base and supports the microscope head. It is also used to carry the microscope.
When carrying a compound microscope always take care to lift it by both the arm and base, simultaneously.
OPTICAL COMPONENTS
There are two optical systems in a compound microscope: Eyepiece Lenses and Objective Lenses:
Eyepiece or Ocular is what you look through at the top of the microscope. Typically, standard eyepieces have a magnifying power of 10x. Optional eyepieces of varying powers are available, typically from 5x-30x.
Eyepiece tube holds the eyepieces in place above the objective lens. Binocular microscope heads typically incorporate a diopter adjustment ring that allows for the possible inconsistencies of our eyesight in one or both eyes. The monocular (single eye usage) microscope does not need a diopter. Binocular microscopes also swivel (Interpupillary Adjustment) to allow for different distances between the eyes of different individuals.
Objective Lenses are the primary optical lenses on a microscope. They range from 4x-100x and typically, include, three, four or five on lens on most microscopes. Objectives can be forward or rear-facing.
Nosepiece houses the objectives. The objectives are exposed and are mounted on a rotating turret so that different objectives can be conveniently selected. Standard objectives include 4x, 10x, 40x and 100x although different power objectives are available.
Coarse and Fine Focus knobs are used to focus the microscope. Increasingly, they are coaxial knobs - that is to say they are built on the same axis with the fine focus knob on the outside.
Coaxial focus knobs are more convenient since the viewer does not have to grope for a different knob.
Stage is where the specimen to be viewed is placed. A mechanical stage is used when working at higher magnifications where delicate movements of the specimen slide are required.
Stage Clips are used when there is no mechanical stage. The viewer is required to move the slide manually to view different sections of the specimen.
Aperture is the hole in the stage through which the base (transmitted) light reaches the stage.
Illuminator is the light source for a microscope, typically located in the base of the microscope. Most light microscopes use low voltage, halogen bulbs with continuous variable lighting control located within the base.
Condenser is used to collect and focus the light from the illuminator on to the specimen. It is located under the stage often in conjunction with an iris diaphragm.
Iris Diaphragm controls the amount of light reaching the specimen. It is located above the condenser and below the stage. Most high quality microscopes include an Abbe condenser with an iris diaphragm. Combined, they control both the focus and quantity of light applied to the specimen.
Condenser Focus Knob moves the condenser up or down to control the lighting focus on the specimen.
Wimbledon Campionship 2010
Date: 21 June – 4 July
Edition: 124th
Category: Grand Slam (ITF)
Location: SW19, Wimbledon,
London, England, United Kingdom
Champions
Men's Singles -Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles -Serena Williams
Men's Doubles -Jürgen Melzer / Philipp Petzschner
Women's Doubles -Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova
Mixed Doubles -Leander Paes / Cara Black
Boys' Singles -Márton Fucsovics
Girls' Singles -Kristýna Plíšková
Boys' Doubles -Liam Broady / Tom Farquharson
Girls' Doubles -Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens
Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles -Donald Johnson / Jared Palmer
Ladies' Invitation Doubles -Martina Navratilova / Jana Novotná
Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles -Pat Cash / Mark Woodforde
Wheelchair Men's Doubles -Robin Ammerlaan / Stefan Olsson
Wheelchair Women's Doubles -Esther Vergeer / Sharon Walraven
Edition: 124th
Category: Grand Slam (ITF)
Location: SW19, Wimbledon,
London, England, United Kingdom
Champions
Men's Singles -Rafael Nadal
Women's Singles -Serena Williams
Men's Doubles -Jürgen Melzer / Philipp Petzschner
Women's Doubles -Vania King / Yaroslava Shvedova
Mixed Doubles -Leander Paes / Cara Black
Boys' Singles -Márton Fucsovics
Girls' Singles -Kristýna Plíšková
Boys' Doubles -Liam Broady / Tom Farquharson
Girls' Doubles -Tímea Babos / Sloane Stephens
Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles -Donald Johnson / Jared Palmer
Ladies' Invitation Doubles -Martina Navratilova / Jana Novotná
Senior Gentlemen's Invitation Doubles -Pat Cash / Mark Woodforde
Wheelchair Men's Doubles -Robin Ammerlaan / Stefan Olsson
Wheelchair Women's Doubles -Esther Vergeer / Sharon Walraven
FIFA World Cup 2010
Final Tournament Standings
• Winner: Spain
• Runners-Up: Netherlands
• Third: Germany
• Fourth: Uruguay
Adidas Golden Boot
Thomas MUELLER is the winner of the adidas Golden Shoe award
FIFA Fair Play award
• Spain
Best Young Player Award
Thomas MUELLER is the winner of the Best Young Player Award award
Thomas MUELLER
Thomas Muller’s opening goal for Germany against Uruguay in the third-place play-off proved enough to earn the Bayern Munich starlet the adidas Golden Boot. Muller finished on five goals at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, but claimed the top scorer accolade thanks to no fewer than three assists, leaving him ahead of Spain marksman David Villa and Dutch hitman Wesley Sneijder, both of whom finished on five goals but with only one assist apiece.
Adidas Golden ball
Diego FORLAN is the winner of the adidas Golden Ball award
Diego FORLAN
Diego Forlan has been named Best Player at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The Uruguay striker topped the prestigious poll of accredited media representatives ahead of the Netherlands’ Wesley Sneijder and Spain hitman David Villa. The 31-year-old Forlan took the starring role in his country’s heroic performance at the FIFA World Cup finals.
adidas Golden Glove
Iker CASILLAS is the winner of the adidas Golden Glove award
Iker CASILLAS
The Spain keeper has conceded just two goals at South Africa 2010. Under pressure after La Roja opened up with a shock defeat to Switzerland, Casillas has since answered his critics with a string of superb displays that have proved crucial to his Spain’s progress to a Final they have long dreamed about.
• Winner: Spain
• Runners-Up: Netherlands
• Third: Germany
• Fourth: Uruguay
Adidas Golden Boot
Thomas MUELLER is the winner of the adidas Golden Shoe award
FIFA Fair Play award
• Spain
Best Young Player Award
Thomas MUELLER is the winner of the Best Young Player Award award
Thomas MUELLER
Thomas Muller’s opening goal for Germany against Uruguay in the third-place play-off proved enough to earn the Bayern Munich starlet the adidas Golden Boot. Muller finished on five goals at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, but claimed the top scorer accolade thanks to no fewer than three assists, leaving him ahead of Spain marksman David Villa and Dutch hitman Wesley Sneijder, both of whom finished on five goals but with only one assist apiece.
Adidas Golden ball
Diego FORLAN is the winner of the adidas Golden Ball award
Diego FORLAN
Diego Forlan has been named Best Player at the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The Uruguay striker topped the prestigious poll of accredited media representatives ahead of the Netherlands’ Wesley Sneijder and Spain hitman David Villa. The 31-year-old Forlan took the starring role in his country’s heroic performance at the FIFA World Cup finals.
adidas Golden Glove
Iker CASILLAS is the winner of the adidas Golden Glove award
Iker CASILLAS
The Spain keeper has conceded just two goals at South Africa 2010. Under pressure after La Roja opened up with a shock defeat to Switzerland, Casillas has since answered his critics with a string of superb displays that have proved crucial to his Spain’s progress to a Final they have long dreamed about.
Tuesday, July 20, 2010
States of matter
Matter is divided into three based on physical components
- Solids
- Liquids
- Gases
Note : The fourth state of matter is Plasma and the fifth state is Bose Eienstien Condensate.
Solids - Pen, pencil, book and bottle are some examples of solids.
Properties
- Solids have definite shape, fixed volume and distinct boundaries.
- Solids have negligible compressibility.
- Solids do not take the shape of the container.
- Solids have high density.
- Solids do not flow.
- The rate of diffusion in solids is very low.
- The intermolecular force in solids in very high.
- The intermolecular space in solids is very less.
Liquids - Oil, water, honey and juice are some common examples
Properties
- Liquids have fixed volume but no not have fixed shape.
- Liquids can be compressed little.
- Liquids have less densities than solids
- Liquids take the shape of the container.
- Liquids can flow.
- The intermolecular space in liquids is more than solids.
- The intermolecular force in liquids is less than solids.
- The rate of diffusion in solids is higher than solids.
Gases - Oxygen, nitrogen, helium and hydrogen are some examples of gases.
Properties
- Gases have niether a definite shape nor definite volume.
- Gases take the shape of the container.
- Gases have high compressibility.
- Gases have low densities.
- Gases can flow easily.
- The intermolecular space in gases is large.
- The intermolecular forces in gases is less.
- The rate of diffusion in gases is high.
Matter
Anything that has mass and volume is known as matter. A pen, book, mobile, bat, coin, tennis bat, football, blackboard, chalk are examples of matter.
Mass is the quantity of matter present in an object.
The amount of space acquired by an object is known as its volume.
Mass is the quantity of matter present in an object.
The amount of space acquired by an object is known as its volume.
Characteristics of matter
- Matter is made if of particles - If we observe some object under an electron microscope we can observe the surface of these particles.
- The particles of matter are very very small - The particles of matter are so small that in a small drop of water there are 100,000,000 particles.
Nature of particles 0f matter
- The particles of matter are continuously moving.
- The particles of matter have spaces between them (Intermolecular space).
- The particles of matter have forces of attraction between them (Intermolecular force).
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